Spine Care

Spine Assessment and Non-Surgical Management

• Comprehensive spine evaluation including clinical assessment and advanced imaging review

• Evidence-based non-surgical management for cervical and lumbar spine conditions

• Physiotherapy and spinal rehabilitation as first-line spine care

• Postural correction and ergonomic advice for occupational spine conditions

• NSAID, analgesic and muscle relaxant therapy for acute spinal pain

• Activity modification and structured home exercise programme prescription

• Regular monitoring and reassessment to guide escalation to interventional or surgical care

Cervical Spine Surgery

• Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc prolapse and myelopathy

• Cervical disc arthroplasty for motion-preserving disc replacement

• Posterior cervical laminectomy and foraminotomy for multilevel cervical stenosis

• Cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

• Cervical corpectomy and reconstruction for vertebral body disease

• Occipito-cervical and cervico-thoracic fusion for instability and deformity

• Minimally invasive cervical spine surgery for eligible patients

Lumbar Spine Surgery

• Microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation and radiculopathy

• Endoscopic lumbar discectomy for minimally invasive disc surgery

• Laparoscopic spinal discectomy for minimally invasive lumbar approach

• Lumbar decompression for lumbar canal stenosis and neurogenic claudication

• Lumbar fusion including PLIF, TLIF and ALIF for instability and spondylolisthesis

• Minimally invasive lumbar fusion for reduced blood loss and faster recovery

• Lumbar artificial disc replacement for motion-preserving surgery

Spinal Deformity Correction

• Scoliosis evaluation, conservative monitoring and surgical correction

• Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumented fusion and correction

• Adult degenerative scoliosis evaluation and surgical management

• Kyphosis correction including Scheuermann's kyphosis and post-traumatic kyphosis

• Growing rod instrumentation for early onset scoliosis in children

• Complex spinal deformity osteotomy including pedicle subtraction osteotomy

• Post-deformity correction rehabilitation and long-term outcome monitoring

Spinal Tumour Surgery

• Intradural and extradural spinal tumour evaluation and surgical resection

• Intramedullary spinal cord tumour surgery with intraoperative neuromonitoring

• Metastatic spinal disease assessment and surgical stabilisation

• Vertebral body tumour resection and reconstruction

• En bloc spondylectomy for selected primary spinal malignancies

• Coordination with oncology and radiation oncology for multidisciplinary spinal tumour management

Spinal Infection and Inflammatory Conditions

• Spinal tuberculosis — Pott's disease — evaluation and antitubercular therapy

• Surgical decompression and stabilisation for TB spine with neurological deficit

• Pyogenic spondylodiscitis diagnosis and antibiotic management

• Epidural abscess evaluation and emergency surgical decompression

• Ankylosing spondylitis spinal manifestation management

• Coordination with rheumatology for inflammatory spinal arthropathy management

Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

• Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

• Balloon kyphoplasty for vertebral height restoration and pain relief

• Pre-procedural imaging assessment and vertebral body evaluation

• Coordination with endocrinology and rheumatology for osteoporosis management

• Post-procedural pain assessment and rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Management

• Emergency spinal cord injury evaluation and neurological assessment

• Surgical decompression and stabilisation for acute spinal cord injury

• ASIA impairment scale classification and neurological recovery monitoring

• Coordination with rehabilitation medicine for comprehensive spinal cord injury rehabilitation

• Bladder, bowel and respiratory management for high spinal cord injuries

• Long-term spinal cord injury follow-up and secondary complication prevention

Paediatric Spine Surgery

• Congenital spinal anomaly evaluation and surgical management

• Paediatric scoliosis and kyphosis correction

• Growing rod instrumentation for early onset paediatric scoliosis

• Tethered spinal cord and spinal dysraphism management

• Paediatric spinal fracture evaluation and surgical fixation

• Coordination with paediatric neurology and neonatology for complex paediatric spinal conditions

Revision and Complex Spine Surgery

• Failed back surgery syndrome evaluation and comprehensive management planning

• Revision lumbar fusion for pseudarthrosis and adjacent segment disease

• Revision cervical spine surgery for recurrent disc disease and instability

• Complex revision deformity correction and osteotomy

• Hardware failure and implant revision surgery

• Management of post-surgical spinal infection and wound complications

Spinal Interventional Pain Procedures

• Epidural steroid injections for cervical and lumbar radiculopathy

• Facet joint injections and medial branch blocks for zygapophyseal joint pain

• Radiofrequency ablation for chronic facet joint and sacroiliac joint pain

• Selective nerve root blocks for targeted radicular pain management

• Sacroiliac joint injection and sacral lateral branch block

• Intrathecal drug delivery assessment for refractory spinal pain

• Coordination with the Moolchand Pain Clinic for complex spinal pain management

Post-Operative Spine Rehabilitation

• Structured post-operative physiotherapy programme for all spine surgical patients

• Early mobilisation protocols following minimally invasive and open spine surgery

• Core strengthening and lumbar stabilisation exercise programme

• Cervical and lumbar collar weaning and functional restoration

• Occupational therapy for activities of daily living restoration following spine surgery

• Return to work and sports activity guidance following spinal procedures

• Long-term spinal rehabilitation and functional outcome monitoring