By Dr. Akriti Rastogi
Causes and Risk Factors of
Head and Neck Cancer: From Tobacco to HPV Explained
Head and
neck cancers are a group of cancers that develop in the mouth, throat, voice
box, nasal passages, or salivary glands. While these cancers are serious, the
good news is that many of their causes and risk factors are known and, in some
cases, preventable. At Moolchand, our focus is on compassionate care,
cutting-edge technology, and treatment delivered by superb Surgeons
like Dr. Akriti Rastogi, Head and Neck Surgeon, who is dedicated to
guiding patients with expertise and integrity.
This blog
explains the major causes and risk factors of head and neck cancer—ranging from
tobacco and alcohol to viral infections like HPV—and highlights what you can do
to lower your risk.
Understanding Head and Neck Cancer
Head and
neck cancers begin when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in areas such as
the:
Oral cavity (lips, tongue,
gums, cheeks)
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Neck lymph nodes
Thyroid
Nasal cavity and sinuses
Salivary glands
These
cancers may cause symptoms like persistent sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty
swallowing, mouth sores that don’t heal, or lumps in the neck. While symptoms
vary, knowing the underlying causes can help in both prevention and early
diagnosis.
Major Causes and Risk Factors
1. Tobacco Use
The
single biggest risk factor for head and neck cancer is tobacco. This
includes:
Cigarettes
Bidis
Cigars
Chewing tobacco
Gutka and paan
Tobacco
contains harmful chemicals that damage the DNA in cells, leading to
uncontrolled growth. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco dramatically increase
the risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, and larynx. Even passive smoking
(second-hand smoke) can be dangerous.
At Moolchand,
our team believes in doing what is right for you—this means not only treating
cancer but also providing support for tobacco cessation, helping patients and
their families take control of their health.
2. Alcohol Consumption
Excessive
alcohol intake is another major risk factor. Alcohol irritates the lining of
the mouth and throat, making it easier for cancer-causing substances in tobacco
to penetrate cells.
People who both smoke and
drink heavily face a combined risk that is far greater than either
habit alone.
Even moderate drinking over
many years can increase risk.
Our
specialists at Moolchand combine compassionate care with modern
screening to detect problems early in individuals with high-risk lifestyles.
3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
The human
papillomavirus, particularly HPV-16, has emerged as a leading cause of oropharyngeal
cancers (cancers at the back of the throat, tonsils, and base of the
tongue).
HPV is transmitted through
intimate contact.
Not all HPV infections lead
to cancer, but persistent infection with high-risk strains can cause
changes in throat and mouth cells.
The rise
of HPV-related cancers highlights the importance of vaccination and regular
screening. Dr. Akriti Rastogi emphasizes awareness about HPV in both men
and women, as prevention plays a key role in reducing future cancer cases.
4. Poor Oral Hygiene and Diet
Chronic
irritation from sharp teeth, poor dental hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, or
missing teeth can contribute to oral cancers. Diets low in fruits and
vegetables may also increase cancer risk, as the body lacks protective
antioxidants and essential vitamins.
At Moolchand,
we integrate dietary counseling and preventive care into our treatment plans,
ensuring holistic health support at affordable prices.
5. Occupational Exposures
Certain
workplace exposures are linked to head and neck cancers, including:
Asbestos
Wood dust
Paint fumes
Industrial chemicals
Long-term
exposure without adequate protection increases cancer risk. Our physicians
recommend regular health checks for those working in such environments.
6. Family History and Genetics
While
lifestyle factors are the most important, family history and genetic
predisposition can also play a role. People with a strong family history of
cancer should discuss early screening options with a trusted specialist.
7. Radiation Exposure
Individuals
who have received radiation therapy to the head or neck in the past (prone to
develop thyroid cancer) may have a slightly higher risk of developing cancers
in this region later in life.
8. Infections
Individuals
with medical conditions (like HIV) or certain medications can make the body
prone to certain types of cancer. Infections like HPV and Epstein-Barr Virus
(EBV) are linked to oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers respectively.
Reducing Your Risk
The good
news is that many of these risks can be reduced:
Quit tobacco: Seek professional help if
needed.
Limit alcohol: Practice moderation or
avoid it altogether.
HPV vaccination: Recommended for young
individuals to prevent HPV-related cancers.
Eat a healthy diet: Include fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains.
Maintain oral hygiene: Regular dental check-ups
and clean teeth are essential.
Protect yourself at work: Use safety equipment if
exposed to dust, fumes, or chemicals.
Schedule screenings: Early detection saves
lives.
At Moolchand,
our focus is not just on treatment but also on prevention and patient
education—because we believe in care that combines integrity with
medical excellence.
Why Choose Moolchand for Head and Neck Cancer Care?
When
facing a condition as serious as head and neck cancer, you deserve care that is
both advanced and compassionate. At Moolchand, you will find:
Superb surgeons like Dr. Akriti Rastogi, a
skilled Head and Neck Surgeon with deep expertise in cancer care.
Cutting-edge technology for accurate diagnosis,
staging, and treatment.
Compassionate care that supports you and your
family at every step.
Integrity in every decision, ensuring
you receive the right care without unnecessary interventions.
Affordable prices, making world-class care
accessible to all.
Conclusion
Head and
neck cancers can be life-threatening, but many of their causes are known and
preventable. By understanding risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and HPV,
and by taking proactive steps, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.
At Moolchand,
under the guidance of Dr. Akriti Rastogi, we combine advanced treatment
with a deeply human touch. With our commitment to compassionate care,
integrity, and affordable excellence, we are here to help you face cancer
with strength and hope.