Trauma Orthopaedics

Emergency Trauma Assessment and Resuscitation

• Primary and secondary survey for all trauma patients on arrival

• Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol-based trauma assessment

• Rapid trauma imaging including full body CT for polytrauma evaluation

• Haemorrhage control and haemodynamic resuscitation

• Damage control resuscitation for haemodynamically unstable trauma patients

• Immediate orthopaedic specialist assessment and injury classification

• Coordination with emergency medicine and critical care for integrated polytrauma management

Polytrauma Management

• Comprehensive polytrauma evaluation and injury severity scoring

• Damage control orthopaedics for temporary fracture stabilisation in unstable patients

• Sequential definitive fracture fixation following physiological stabilisation

• Multi-system injury coordination with surgical and medical subspecialties

• Polytrauma surgical ICU management with haemodynamic monitoring

• Fat embolism syndrome prevention and management

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for polytrauma patients

Long Bone Fracture Surgery

• Intramedullary nailing for femoral, tibial and humeral shaft fractures

• Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for periarticular fractures

• Open reduction and internal fixation for displaced and complex fractures

• External fixation for open fractures and damage control stabilisation

• Retrograde and antegrade nailing techniques for femoral fractures

• Elastic stable intramedullary nailing for paediatric long bone fractures

• Post-operative fracture rehabilitation and weight-bearing progression

Hip and Proximal Femur Fracture Management

• Emergency hip fracture surgery within optimal time-to-theatre window

• Dynamic hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fractures

• Intramedullary hip nail for unstable intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures

• Hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement for displaced femoral neck fractures

• Femoral neck fracture fixation for young patients with preservation intent

• Post-hip fracture rehabilitation and early mobilisation programme

• Osteoporosis assessment and management following fragility hip fracture

Periarticular and Intra-Articular Fracture Surgery

• Distal femur fracture fixation using locking plates and intramedullary devices

• Tibial plateau fracture open reduction and internal fixation

• Proximal tibial fracture management including combined fixation strategies

• Distal tibial and pilon fracture reconstruction

• Calcaneal and foot fracture surgical management

• Distal radius and forearm fracture fixation

• Humeral head and proximal humerus fracture reconstruction

Open Fracture Management

• Emergency open fracture debridement and wound irrigation

• Staged wound management with temporary and definitive fracture stabilisation

• Vacuum-assisted closure and wound bed preparation

• Definitive skeletal stabilisation following soft tissue recovery

• Soft tissue reconstruction coordination with plastic surgery

• Antibiotic prophylaxis and infection prevention protocols

• Long-term open fracture outcome monitoring

Pelvic and Acetabular Fracture Surgery

• Comprehensive pelvic fracture evaluation and haemorrhage control

• Emergency pelvic binder application and external fixation for unstable pelvic ring injuries

• Definitive pelvic ring reconstruction with internal fixation

• Acetabular fracture open reduction and internal fixation

• Complex pelvic and acetabular fracture management by subspecialty trained surgeons

• Interventional radiology collaboration for pelvic arterial haemorrhage embolisation

• Long-term follow-up for post-traumatic arthritis and functional outcome assessment

Spinal Trauma

• Emergency spinal trauma evaluation and neurological assessment

• Cervical spine injury immobilisation and surgical stabilisation

• Thoracolumbar fracture evaluation and classification

• Surgical decompression and stabilisation for spinal cord injury with neurological deficit

• Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures

• Coordination with neurosurgery for complex spinal cord injury management

• Post-spinal trauma rehabilitation in coordination with rehabilitation medicine

Upper Extremity Trauma

• Shoulder dislocation reduction and instability assessment

• Clavicle fracture management — conservative and surgical

• Proximal humerus fracture fixation and arthroplasty for selected cases

• Elbow fracture and dislocation management

• Forearm fracture both bone fixation

• Distal radius fracture open reduction and internal fixation

• Hand fracture and dislocation management in coordination with hand surgery

Dislocations and Soft Tissue Trauma

• Emergency joint dislocation reduction under appropriate analgesia and sedation

• Hip dislocation emergency reduction and avascular necrosis surveillance

• Knee dislocation evaluation and vascular injury assessment

• Ligament injury evaluation and management

• Tendon rupture assessment and surgical repair

• Compartment syndrome recognition, emergency fasciotomy and decompression

• Crush injury evaluation and management

Paediatric Orthopaedic Trauma

• Growth plate injury evaluation, classification and management

• Paediatric long bone fracture fixation including elastic nailing

• Supracondylar humerus fracture surgical management

• Paediatric hip fracture and dislocation management

• Floating shoulder injury conservative management in children

• Child-specific fracture healing and remodelling monitoring

• Coordination with paediatric medicine for comprehensive paediatric trauma care

Pathological Fracture Management

• Pathological fracture evaluation for underlying bone disease

• Internal fixation and stabilisation for fractures through metastatic bone lesions

• Intramedullary prophylactic stabilisation for impending pathological fractures

• Coordination with oncology for systemic metastatic disease management

• Osteoporotic fragility fracture assessment and secondary prevention

• Coordination with endocrinology and rheumatology for metabolic bone disease

Limb Salvage and Reconstructive Trauma Surgery

• Limb salvage surgery for severe open fractures with vascular and soft tissue injury

• Bone defect management using bone grafting and bone transport techniques

• Ilizarov frame and circular fixator application for complex reconstruction

• Bone Bank utilisation for structural bone grafting in complex defects

• Coordination with plastic surgery for soft tissue coverage and flap reconstruction

• Vascular surgery collaboration for limb ischaemia and vascular injury repair

Post-Trauma Rehabilitation

• Early post-operative physiotherapy and rehabilitation initiation

• Progressive weight-bearing and functional rehabilitation protocols

• Occupational therapy for upper limb trauma functional recovery

• Gait retraining and ambulatory rehabilitation following lower limb fractures

• Sports rehabilitation for return to athletic performance following trauma

• Psychological support for patients with significant traumatic injuries

• Long-term functional outcome monitoring and follow-up