Causes and Risk Factors of Head and Neck Cancer: From Tobacco to HPV Explained

Head and neck cancers are a group of cancers that develop in the mouth, throat, voice box, nasal passages, or salivary glands. While these cancers are serious, the good news is that many of their causes and risk factors are known and, in some cases, preventable. At Moolchand, our focus is on compassionate care, cutting-edge technology, and treatment delivered by superb Surgeons like Dr. Akriti Rastogi, Head and Neck Surgeon, who is dedicated to guiding patients with expertise and integrity.

This blog explains the major causes and risk factors of head and neck cancer—ranging from tobacco and alcohol to viral infections like HPV—and highlights what you can do to lower your risk.

Understanding Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancers begin when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in areas such as the:

• Oral cavity (lips, tongue, gums, cheeks)
• Pharynx (throat)
• Larynx (voice box)
• Neck lymph nodes
• Thyroid
• Nasal cavity and sinuses
• Salivary glands

These cancers may cause symptoms like persistent sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, mouth sores that don’t heal, or lumps in the neck. While symptoms vary, knowing the underlying causes can help in both prevention and early diagnosis.

Major Causes and Risk Factors

1. Tobacco Use

The single biggest risk factor for head and neck cancer is tobacco. This includes:

• Cigarettes
• Bidis
• Cigars
• Chewing tobacco
• Gutka and paan

Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage the DNA in cells, leading to uncontrolled growth. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco dramatically increase the risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, and larynx. Even passive smoking (second-hand smoke) can be dangerous.

At Moolchand, our team believes in doing what is right for you—this means not only treating cancer but also providing support for tobacco cessation, helping patients and their families take control of their health.

2. Alcohol Consumption

Excessive alcohol intake is another major risk factor. Alcohol irritates the lining of the mouth and throat, making it easier for cancer-causing substances in tobacco to penetrate cells.

• People who both smoke and drink heavily face a combined risk that is far greater than either habit alone.
• Even moderate drinking over many years can increase risk.

Our specialists at Moolchand combine compassionate care with modern screening to detect problems early in individuals with high-risk lifestyles.

3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

The human papillomavirus, particularly HPV-16, has emerged as a leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers (cancers at the back of the throat, tonsils, and base of the tongue).

• HPV is transmitted through intimate contact.
• Not all HPV infections lead to cancer, but persistent infection with high-risk strains can cause changes in throat and mouth cells.

The rise of HPV-related cancers highlights the importance of vaccination and regular screening. Dr. Akriti Rastogi emphasizes awareness about HPV in both men and women, as prevention plays a key role in reducing future cancer cases.

4. Poor Oral Hygiene and Diet

Chronic irritation from sharp teeth, poor dental hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, or missing teeth can contribute to oral cancers. Diets low in fruits and vegetables may also increase cancer risk, as the body lacks protective antioxidants and essential vitamins.

At Moolchand, we integrate dietary counseling and preventive care into our treatment plans, ensuring holistic health support at affordable prices.

5. Occupational Exposures

Certain workplace exposures are linked to head and neck cancers, including:

• Asbestos
• Wood dust
• Paint fumes
• Industrial chemicals

Long-term exposure without adequate protection increases cancer risk. Our physicians recommend regular health checks for those working in such environments.

6. Family History and Genetics

While lifestyle factors are the most important, family history and genetic predisposition can also play a role. People with a strong family history of cancer should discuss early screening options with a trusted specialist.

7. Radiation Exposure

Individuals who have received radiation therapy to the head or neck in the past (prone to develop thyroid cancer) may have a slightly higher risk of developing cancers in this region later in life.

8. Infections

Individuals with medical conditions (like HIV) or certain medications can make the body prone to certain types of cancer. Infections like HPV and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) are linked to oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers respectively.

Reducing Your Risk

The good news is that many of these risks can be reduced:

• Quit tobacco: Seek professional help if needed.
• Limit alcohol: Practice moderation or avoid it altogether.
• HPV vaccination: Recommended for young individuals to prevent HPV-related cancers.
• Eat a healthy diet: Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Maintain oral hygiene: Regular dental check-ups and clean teeth are essential.
• Protect yourself at work: Use safety equipment if exposed to dust, fumes, or chemicals.
• Schedule screenings: Early detection saves lives.

At Moolchand, our focus is not just on treatment but also on prevention and patient education—because we believe in care that combines integrity with medical excellence.

Why Choose Moolchand for Head and Neck Cancer Care?

When facing a condition as serious as head and neck cancer, you deserve care that is both advanced and compassionate. At Moolchand, you will find:

• Superb surgeons like Dr. Akriti Rastogi, a skilled Head and Neck Surgeon with deep expertise in cancer care.
• Cutting-edge technology for accurate diagnosis, staging, and treatment.
• Compassionate care that supports you and your family at every step.
• Integrity in every decision, ensuring you receive the right care without unnecessary interventions.
• Affordable prices, making world-class care accessible to all.

Conclusion

Head and neck cancers can be life-threatening, but many of their causes are known and preventable. By understanding risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and HPV, and by taking proactive steps, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.

At Moolchand, under the guidance of Dr. Akriti Rastogi, we combine advanced treatment with a deeply human touch. With our commitment to compassionate care, integrity, and affordable excellence, we are here to help you face cancer with strength and hope.